Essay Referencing Simplified Guidelines and Examples

For many students, using a referencing guideline can be a tedious drudgery to suffer when writing papers. For others, good referencing poses a complicated barrier which can cost them marks and even put their academic success in jeopardy. In this post I will endeavor to demystify citation systems and offer a simplified approach to them. The Role of Essay Citation What is a reference? Academic writing does not stand alone. Everything that is written contributes to a conversation which has spanned centuries. This is exactly what Sir Isaac Newton was referring to when he made his famous quote about standing on the shoulders of giants. The primary role of all citation systems is to give your readers the means to retrace your steps through this ongoing conversation. Of course, the other side of this is about giving due recognition to the writers of the work to which you are referring. Personally, I think of this as a secondary purpose. This is not due to any disrespect toward the protection of intellectual property; it is only that I give this respect incidentally. I appreciate having the opportunity to show where my work sits in relation to the greater conversation. It is plagiarism when a student attempts to pass off work which has already been published or submitted as their own. It is different if someone, a friend for example, acts as a co-writer who helps you proofread, edit, or produce new work. However, I am at a loss as to why someone would feel compelled not to reference the work they use. You are not rewarded for generating entirely original thought, especially as an undergraduate. Regardless of your field of study, you gain respect and marks for two things. Firstly, you are tested for your ability to focus your efforts towards the succinct satisfaction of the criteria of each specific task. Secondly, and arguably, more importantly, your graders want to see evidence in your work that you are engaging with the broader body of academic work and the ongoing conversation it represents. Knowing how to cite references according to the reference format prescribed in the course guide can make this easy. There is everything to gain by using citation to show your instructors what you have been reading. There is nothing to gain by failing to reference your work. I want to challenge you to take pleasure and pride in your citation. Your essay reference page is where you show that you are able to surf the databases and use libraries to engage with the literature and find relevant information. This is really the primary practical skill set you are required to master and you demonstrate it through referencing. How to Cite References It has to be said that, if you have not already done so, the first thing you need to do is talk with your instructors about the style they expect from you. At the university where I studied, for example, there were eleven different style guides used by the various faculties and schools. They may ask students to write strictly to the MLA referencing format, the APA format for references, Harvard, or Chicago guides. Alternatively, the faculty could ask for a derivative format or special instructions to be followed. Be careful to note that the way we cite our sources in the reference list will be different depending on whether you are citing an essay or a citing a book in an essay or on the prescribed style. Refer to your course guide or talk with someone about it. The Two Main Referencing Styles Many of the guides which cover referencing can be said to have derived from either the Chicago or Harvard styles. For example, the increasingly popular APA referencing style is heavily based on the Harvard Style Guide. The Harvard format for references discourage the use of footnotes. Footnotes are notes written at the bottom of the page which corresponds to a small footnote number written at the end of the relevant line of text, in superscript. Since recent changes, the Chicago Style Guide now facilitates the use of either the footnote system or an author-date parenthetical, in-text referencing style, such as is preferred by the Harvard Referencing Style Guide. Both examples of what to do within the text will be followed by examples of how to do a corresponding reference page. I highly recommend a thorough online publication offered by the University of Western Australia for further details on everything from how to cite an essay in an essay to citing online resources, or 5th edition books compiled by editors according to many different referencing style guides. Harvard Style In-Text Referencing In-text referencing as become most common over time. Some say that it breaks the flow of the text, making it more difficult to read and this might be why it is not used on websites like Wikipedia. However, most people would skip over the references when reading a sentence and use them only to reference the source material. Basically, in the text the writer acknowledges the author by placing their name and the date of publication in parenthesis, at the end of the sentence and before the final punctuation. In this example we will not only look at how to reference a book in an essay but also at journal articles and other sources. The reader can expect that this is not a direct quotation but merely information from the text. The name and date will correspond with a full bibliographic entry at the end of the essay, under the title, â€Å"References.† If there are more than one source from which the information was drawn, the citations will be listed, separated by semicolons. You can include the writer or writers in the text, if it is useful for your message, followed by the date, alone in parenthesis. For example: This reference list example shows the full citations of the cited work in alphabetical order and with a hanging indent. References (example) This is just one example, and you will find that the actual style required by any faculty could be different in some respects. This example uses a very succinct table of examples offered to the public by The University of Western Australia. In other implementations of the style, you will find that there will be some small differences, such as years listed in the references might be in parenthesis. It is very useful to find out exactly what the requirements are at your institution. Chicago Style Footnote Referencing One of the advantages of footnote referencing is that it allows the writer to get the referencing data out of the way of the text. Instead, it uses a superscript number like this, ’1’ at the end of a sentence in which referenced work is used and then follows up with an acknowledgment of the source material at the bottom of the page, separated from the main body of the text. You will notice that the Chicago reference list format is laid out differently. If we use the same sentences as from our previous referencing example it will look like this: Watkins, O’Shay Chandler, This book was written by three authors, (Big City: Fancy Publishing House, 2013) 34. Note that one citation can refer to multiple entries rather than including multiple superscripted numbers at the end of a single sentence. Getting it Right Every Time You Write an Essay I can not overstate the importance of referring specifically to the style guide prescribed by the course you are enrolled in. This article represents our attempt to give you a quick outline to understand referencing. But there are many specific criteria requested by different institutions. Great essay writing loses marks unnecessarily when you make some small mistakes with the referencing style, and it doesn’t have to be difficult. Perhaps You Could Think of Referencing Your Essay Like Lego Keep a record of the books and sources you gather your information. Then, follow the style guide you are given by your course instructors and put all the pieces together in the same way. Know When to Ask For Help The best tip to success in anything is to know how to search for good information and know how to delegate like a leader. If you are not sure about how the specifics of citation will work in your course, ask your tutor for more help; this is what they are there for. If you need to delegate work to someone else so that you can deal with the important tasks of your studies, send it to EssayService. Our professional writers can put your citation together from the sources that you gathered according to the style format you send us from your course. If you need more help, you can buy an essay from us, and it will be uniquely written to meet your criteria and free of plagiarism.

Silver Service Essays

Silver Service Essays Silver Service Paper Silver Service Paper Chaper8 Silver service 1 what is silver service? -Style of catering where the food is delivered to the table on a platter held by the waiter and served to the customer’s plate using a folk and spoon . 2 Which side of the guest do you stand for silver service? -Left of the guest 3 what are the limitations of using the thread method of holding the service gear? -Each different items need to be served by different service gear required. 4 How do you pick up small items of food? -To remove your index finger in wedge method. What sort of things are served with two fish knives instead of the usual service gear? -Soft or large items requiring more support than can be given by a service spoon and fork. 6 In which direction should the gear be moving as you pick up food from the service plate? -The service gear is moving towards you. 7 How would you plan the presentation of the food on the plate? -we need to consider the other items to be served . ex) separating two different color item for visual balance 8 How and when are sauces served in silver service? It should not be carried on the same serving dish as the food . They are offered and served separately using as sauce-boat and a serving spoon. A spoon is used to serve them and serve the sauce from the left of the guest. 9 Where are other accompaniments placed? -They are placed to the left of the main item. Chapter9 Clearing Table 1 How can you tell when all the guests have finished a course? -Guest usually indicate that by placing their cutlery together on plate or we can ask them. 2 Describe the two-plate clearing technique. 1) At the back right hand corner pick up the plate with your right hand. 2) Transfer the plate to your left hand, holding it between the thumb n index finger. Use the knife to move the scrap items to the front of the plate3) place the knife under the handle of the folk 4) Moving around the table pick up second used plate n its cutlery 5) Transfer the second plate to your left hand positio n it on a platform above the first plate supporting it with your ring finger, your little finger n the base of your thumb n lower forearm. ) place the fork alongside the other fork on the first plate n using the knife push the scraps down off the second plate onto the front of the first plate to join the scraps already there. 7) place the knife alongside the knife on the first plate8) Moving around the table collect the remaining plates n cutlery. 3 Where should the dirty plates be held? -Station(Sideboard) or Dishwashing machine 4 How is the cutlery prevented from falling off the plate as it piles up? -place the knife under the handle of the fork at right angles to it. Describe the three –plate clearing technique. 1) At the back right hand corner pick up the plate with your right hand. 2) Transfer the plate to your left hand, holding it between the thumb n index finger. Use the knife to move the scrap items to the front of the plate3) place the knife under the handle of the folk 4) Moving around the table pick up second used plate n its cutlery5) place the second plate in the crease of the palm of your left hand under the edge of the first plate supporting it by your ring and little fingers. Place the fork alongside the fork on the first plate n using the knife move the scrap items from the first plate down onto the second plate. Place the knife alongside the knife on the first plate. 6) Moving round the table pick up the next guest’s used plate. 7) place the third plate so that it sits on the flat of your forearm n the rim of the second plate. Place the fork alongside the forks on the first plate n use the knife to move the scraps onto the second plate place the knife alongside the other knives on the first plate. )Continue collecting the plates, stacking the additional plates on the third plate, transferring the scraps onto the second plate n placing the knives n forks neatly on the first plate. 6 What is the advantage of the three-plate clearing technique? -Scrap food items and the used cutlery are carried on separate plates. 7 How many plates should you collect at once? -As many plates as you can. 8 What technique is used to collect side plates at the same tim e as dinner plates? -Using the two plate or the three plate technique. 9 When should side plates be collected separately from dinner plates? If there are more than four guests at the table. 10 How should unusually shaped plates be collected? -They should not be stacked but held separately from used dishes, using the two or three plate carrying method. Chapter17 End of service procedures 1 Why are the two purposes of a bill? -To inform the guest of the amount to be paid , To act as a control system for the establishment. 2 Why is important to present the bill promptly? -They may earn a reputation for slow service. Bringing bill late is one of the reasons that makes guest feel annoyed. What should you do with the bill if it is not clear who is the host? -place the bill in the centre of the table 4 What is the procedure for accepting payment by credit card? -Check that the establishment accepts the kind of card presented and its expiry date. If it has been signed. 5 Why should you neve r stand and wait for a tip? -Waiter has absolutely no right to a tip because it is a bonus for especially satisfying service. 6 How can you make a good impression when farewelling guests? -If it’s possible remember the guest’s name and wish them â€Å"good evening† and thank them for coming. You should make sure that guests take their personal belongings with them when they leave . What items are they particularly likely to forget? -Coats, hats and BYO bags, umbrella 8 How should you carry cups and saucers when clearing a table? -They should be carried using either two or three plate carrying technique. Do not stack the cups 9 How should workstations be left? -They are restocked with cleaned, polished equipment. Chapter 19 Function operation 1 What does the hospitality industry mean by ‘a function’? -Offering novice opportunity to gain part-time employment and establish themselves. Write down six different styles of function which might need the ser vices of waiters. -Wedding/ Conference/Birthday party/office party/Engagement party/Christmas party 3 What is the purpose of the ‘Function sheet’? -In order to record and confirm the detail of function 4 What should a function cover consist of ? -Dessert covers /Glassware/Cups and saucers 5 In what circumstances do function staff work in teams? -At large function, to preserve a smooth and quick level of service 6 What is the job of the runners in a function team? Picking up plated items from the kitchen and transferring them to a service area within the dining room. 7 How many five-person teams do you think would be necessary to serve a standard three- course dinner for a function with 500 guests? -3teams of five 8 In what ways might correct drinks service be different at a large function compared with a dinner for four in a restaurant? -At large function, there are two separate team one for the beverage and the other one is for serving food. The beverage must be served alternately with the food. FB Service Management